rendering.hpp

#pragma once
 
#include <litefx/rendering_api.hpp>
#include <litefx/rendering_formatters.hpp>
 
namespace LiteFX::Rendering {
    using namespace LiteFX;
    using namespace LiteFX::Math;
 
    template <typename TBuffer, typename TImage> requires
        std::derived_from<TBuffer, IBuffer> &&
        std::derived_from<TImage, IImage>
    class Barrier : public IBarrier {
    public:
        using IBarrier::transition;
 
        using buffer_type = TBuffer;
        using image_type = TImage;
 
    protected:
        Barrier() noexcept = default;
        Barrier(const Barrier&) = default;
        Barrier(Barrier&&) noexcept = default;
        Barrier& operator=(const Barrier&) = default;
        Barrier& operator=(Barrier&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        constexpr ~Barrier() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        constexpr virtual void transition(const buffer_type& buffer, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter) = 0;
 
        constexpr virtual void transition(const buffer_type& buffer, UInt32 element, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter) = 0;
 
        constexpr virtual void transition(const image_type& image, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter, ImageLayout layout) = 0;
 
        constexpr virtual void transition(const image_type& image, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter, ImageLayout fromLayout, ImageLayout toLayout) = 0;
 
        constexpr virtual void transition(const image_type& image, UInt32 level, UInt32 levels, UInt32 layer, UInt32 layers, UInt32 plane, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter, ImageLayout layout) = 0;
 
        constexpr virtual void transition(const image_type& image, UInt32 level, UInt32 levels, UInt32 layer, UInt32 layers, UInt32 plane, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter, ImageLayout fromLayout, ImageLayout toLayout) = 0;
 
    private:
        constexpr void doTransition(const IBuffer& buffer, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter) override {
            this->transition(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(buffer), accessBefore, accessAfter);
        }
 
        constexpr void doTransition(const IBuffer& buffer, UInt32 element, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter) override {
            this->transition(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(buffer), element, accessBefore, accessAfter);
        }
 
        constexpr void doTransition(const IImage& image, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter, ImageLayout layout) override {
            this->transition(dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(image), accessBefore, accessAfter, layout);
        }
 
        constexpr void doTransition(const IImage& image, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter, ImageLayout fromLayout, ImageLayout toLayout) override {
            this->transition(dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(image), accessBefore, accessAfter, fromLayout, toLayout);
        }
 
        constexpr void doTransition(const IImage& image, UInt32 level, UInt32 levels, UInt32 layer, UInt32 layers, UInt32 plane, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter, ImageLayout layout) override {
            this->transition(dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(image), level, levels, layer, layers, plane, accessBefore, accessAfter, layout);
        }
 
        constexpr void doTransition(const IImage& image, UInt32 level, UInt32 levels, UInt32 layer, UInt32 layers, UInt32 plane, ResourceAccess accessBefore, ResourceAccess accessAfter, ImageLayout fromLayout, ImageLayout toLayout) override {
            this->transition(dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(image), level, levels, layer, layers, plane, accessBefore, accessAfter, fromLayout, toLayout);
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TBuffer, typename TImage, typename TSampler, typename TAccelerationStructure> requires
        std::derived_from<TBuffer, IBuffer> &&
        std::derived_from<TSampler, ISampler> &&
        std::derived_from<TImage, IImage> &&
        std::derived_from<TAccelerationStructure, IAccelerationStructure>
    class DescriptorSet : public IDescriptorSet {
    public:
        using IDescriptorSet::bindToHeap;
        using IDescriptorSet::update;
 
        using buffer_type = TBuffer;
        using sampler_type = TSampler;
        using image_type = TImage;
        using acceleration_structure_type = TAccelerationStructure;
 
    protected:
        DescriptorSet() noexcept = default;
        DescriptorSet(const DescriptorSet&) = default;
        DescriptorSet(DescriptorSet&&) noexcept = default;
        DescriptorSet& operator=(const DescriptorSet&) = default;
        DescriptorSet& operator=(DescriptorSet&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~DescriptorSet() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual UInt32 bindToHeap(DescriptorType bindingType, UInt32 descriptor, const buffer_type& buffer, UInt32 bufferElement = 0, UInt32 elements = 0, Format texelFormat = Format::None) const = 0;
 
        virtual UInt32 bindToHeap(DescriptorType bindingType, UInt32 descriptor, const image_type& image, UInt32 firstLevel = 0, UInt32 levels = 0, UInt32 firstLayer = 0, UInt32 layers = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual UInt32 bindToHeap(UInt32 descriptor, const sampler_type& sampler) const = 0;
 
        virtual void update(UInt32 binding, const buffer_type& buffer, UInt32 bufferElement = 0, UInt32 elements = 0, UInt32 firstDescriptor = 0, Format texelFormat = Format::None) const = 0;
 
        virtual void update(UInt32 binding, const image_type& texture, UInt32 descriptor = 0, UInt32 firstLevel = 0, UInt32 levels = 0, UInt32 firstLayer = 0, UInt32 layers = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual void update(UInt32 binding, const sampler_type& sampler, UInt32 descriptor = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual void update(UInt32 binding, const acceleration_structure_type& accelerationStructure, UInt32 descriptor = 0) const = 0;
 
    private:
        UInt32 doBind(DescriptorType bindingType, UInt32 descriptor, const IBuffer& buffer, UInt32 bufferElement, UInt32 elements, Format texelFormat) const override {
            return this->bindToHeap(bindingType, descriptor, dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(buffer), bufferElement, elements, texelFormat);
        }
 
        UInt32 doBind(DescriptorType bindingType, UInt32 descriptor, const IImage& image, UInt32 firstLevel, UInt32 levels, UInt32 firstLayer, UInt32 layers) const override {
            return this->bindToHeap(bindingType, descriptor, dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(image), firstLevel, levels, firstLayer, layers);
        }
 
        UInt32 doBind(UInt32 descriptor, const ISampler& sampler) const override {
            return this->bindToHeap(descriptor, dynamic_cast<const sampler_type&>(sampler));
        }
 
        void doUpdate(UInt32 binding, const IBuffer& buffer, UInt32 bufferElement, UInt32 elements, UInt32 firstDescriptor, Format texelFormat) const override {
            this->update(binding, dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(buffer), bufferElement, elements, firstDescriptor, texelFormat);
        }
 
        void doUpdate(UInt32 binding, const IImage& texture, UInt32 descriptor, UInt32 firstLevel, UInt32 levels, UInt32 firstLayer, UInt32 layers) const override {
            this->update(binding, dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(texture), descriptor, firstLevel, levels, firstLayer, layers);
        }
 
        void doUpdate(UInt32 binding, const ISampler& sampler, UInt32 descriptor) const override {
            this->update(binding, dynamic_cast<const sampler_type&>(sampler), descriptor);
        }
 
        void doUpdate(UInt32 binding, const IAccelerationStructure& accelerationStructure, UInt32 descriptor) const override {
            this->update(binding, dynamic_cast<const acceleration_structure_type&>(accelerationStructure), descriptor);
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TDescriptorLayout, typename TDescriptorSet> requires
        meta::implements<TDescriptorLayout, IDescriptorLayout> &&
        meta::implements<TDescriptorSet, DescriptorSet<typename TDescriptorSet::buffer_type, typename TDescriptorSet::image_type, typename TDescriptorSet::sampler_type, typename TDescriptorSet::acceleration_structure_type>>
    class DescriptorSetLayout : public IDescriptorSetLayout {
    public:
        using IDescriptorSetLayout::free;
 
        using descriptor_layout_type = TDescriptorLayout;
        using descriptor_set_type = TDescriptorSet;
 
    protected:
        DescriptorSetLayout() noexcept = default;
        DescriptorSetLayout(const DescriptorSetLayout&) = default;
        DescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout&&) noexcept = default;
        DescriptorSetLayout& operator=(const DescriptorSetLayout&) = default;
        DescriptorSetLayout& operator=(DescriptorSetLayout&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~DescriptorSetLayout() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual const Array<descriptor_layout_type>& descriptors() const noexcept = 0;
 
        const descriptor_layout_type& descriptor(UInt32 binding) const override = 0;
 
        virtual inline UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type> allocate(std::initializer_list<DescriptorBinding> bindings = { }) const {
            return this->allocate(0, bindings);
        }
 
        virtual inline UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type> allocate(Span<DescriptorBinding> bindings) const {
            return this->allocate(0, bindings);
        }
 
        virtual inline UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type> allocate(Generator<DescriptorBinding> bindings) const {
            return this->allocate(0, std::move(bindings));
        }
 
        virtual UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type> allocate(UInt32 descriptors, std::initializer_list<DescriptorBinding> bindings) const = 0;
 
        virtual UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type> allocate(UInt32 descriptors, Span<DescriptorBinding> bindings) const = 0;
 
        virtual UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type> allocate(UInt32 descriptors, Generator<DescriptorBinding> bindings) const = 0;
 
        virtual inline Generator<UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type>> allocate(UInt32 descriptorSets, std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<DescriptorBinding>> bindings = { }) const {
            return this->allocate(descriptorSets, 0, bindings);
        }
 
#ifdef __cpp_lib_mdspan
        virtual inline Generator<UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type>> allocate(UInt32 descriptorSets, std::mdspan<DescriptorBinding, std::dextents<size_t, 2>> bindings) const {
            return this->allocate(descriptorSets, 0, bindings);
        }
#endif
 
        virtual inline Generator<UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type>> allocate(UInt32 descriptorSets, std::function<Generator<DescriptorBinding>(UInt32)> bindings) const {
            return this->allocate(descriptorSets, 0, std::move(bindings));
        }
 
        virtual Generator<UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type>> allocate(UInt32 descriptorSets, UInt32 descriptors, std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<DescriptorBinding>> bindings = { }) const = 0;
 
#ifdef __cpp_lib_mdspan
        virtual Generator<UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type>> allocate(UInt32 descriptorSets, UInt32 descriptors, std::mdspan<DescriptorBinding, std::dextents<size_t, 2>> bindings) const = 0;
#endif
 
        virtual Generator<UniquePtr<descriptor_set_type>> allocate(UInt32 descriptorSets, UInt32 descriptors, std::function<Generator<DescriptorBinding>(UInt32)> bindingFactory) const = 0;
 
        virtual void free(const descriptor_set_type& descriptorSet) const = 0;
 
    private:
        inline Enumerable<const IDescriptorLayout&> getDescriptors() const noexcept override {
            return this->descriptors();
        }
 
        inline UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet> getDescriptorSet(UInt32 descriptors, std::initializer_list<DescriptorBinding> bindings) const override {
            return this->allocate(descriptors, bindings);
        }
 
        inline UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet> getDescriptorSet(UInt32 descriptors, Span<DescriptorBinding> bindings) const override {
            return this->allocate(descriptors, bindings);
        }
 
        inline UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet> getDescriptorSet(UInt32 descriptors, Generator<DescriptorBinding> bindings) const override {
            return this->allocate(descriptors, std::move(bindings));
        }
 
        inline Generator<UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet>> getDescriptorSets(UInt32 descriptorSets, UInt32 descriptors, std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<DescriptorBinding>> bindings) const override {
            co_yield std::ranges::elements_of(this->allocate(descriptorSets, descriptors, bindings) | std::views::transform([](auto set) -> UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet> { return set; }));
        }
 
#ifdef __cpp_lib_mdspan
        inline Generator<UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet>> getDescriptorSets(UInt32 descriptorSets, UInt32 descriptors, std::mdspan<DescriptorBinding, std::dextents<size_t, 2>> bindings) const override {
            co_yield std::ranges::elements_of(this->allocate(descriptorSets, descriptors, bindings) | std::views::transform([](auto set) -> UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet> { return set; }));
        }
#endif
 
        inline Generator<UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet>> getDescriptorSets(UInt32 descriptorSets, UInt32 descriptors, std::function<Generator<DescriptorBinding>(UInt32)> bindingFactory) const override {
            co_yield std::ranges::elements_of(this->allocate(descriptorSets, descriptors, std::move(bindingFactory)) | std::views::transform([](auto set) -> UniquePtr<IDescriptorSet> { return set; }));
        }
 
        inline void releaseDescriptorSet(const IDescriptorSet& descriptorSet) const override {
            this->free(dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type&>(descriptorSet));
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TPushConstantsRange> requires
        meta::implements<TPushConstantsRange, IPushConstantsRange>
    class PushConstantsLayout : public IPushConstantsLayout {
    public:
        using push_constants_range_type = TPushConstantsRange;
 
    protected:
        PushConstantsLayout() noexcept = default;
        PushConstantsLayout(const PushConstantsLayout&) = default;
        PushConstantsLayout(PushConstantsLayout&&) noexcept = default;
        PushConstantsLayout& operator=(const PushConstantsLayout&) = default;
        PushConstantsLayout& operator=(PushConstantsLayout&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~PushConstantsLayout() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual const Array<UniquePtr<push_constants_range_type>>& ranges() const = 0;
 
    private:
        inline Enumerable<const IPushConstantsRange&> getRanges() const override {
            return this->ranges() | std::views::transform([](auto& ptr) -> const IPushConstantsRange& { return *ptr; });
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TShaderModule> requires
        meta::implements<TShaderModule, IShaderModule>
    class ShaderProgram : public IShaderProgram {
    public:
        using shader_module_type = TShaderModule;
 
    protected:
        ShaderProgram() noexcept = default;
        ShaderProgram(const ShaderProgram&) = default;
        ShaderProgram(ShaderProgram&&) noexcept = default;
        ShaderProgram& operator=(const ShaderProgram&) = default;
        ShaderProgram& operator=(ShaderProgram&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~ShaderProgram() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual const Array<UniquePtr<const shader_module_type>>& modules() const noexcept = 0;
 
    private:
        inline Enumerable<const IShaderModule&> getModules() const override {
            return this->modules() | std::views::transform([](const auto& m) -> const IShaderModule& { return *m; });
        }
    };
    
    template <typename TDescriptorSetLayout, typename TPushConstantsLayout> requires
        meta::implements<TDescriptorSetLayout, DescriptorSetLayout<typename TDescriptorSetLayout::descriptor_layout_type, typename TDescriptorSetLayout::descriptor_set_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TPushConstantsLayout, PushConstantsLayout<typename TPushConstantsLayout::push_constants_range_type>>
    class PipelineLayout : public IPipelineLayout {
    public:
        using descriptor_set_layout_type = TDescriptorSetLayout;
        using push_constants_layout_type = TPushConstantsLayout;
 
    protected:
        PipelineLayout() noexcept = default;
        PipelineLayout(const PipelineLayout&) = default;
        PipelineLayout(PipelineLayout&&) noexcept = default;
        PipelineLayout& operator=(const PipelineLayout&) = default;
        PipelineLayout& operator=(PipelineLayout&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~PipelineLayout() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        const descriptor_set_layout_type& descriptorSet(UInt32 space) const override = 0;
 
        virtual const Array<SharedPtr<const descriptor_set_layout_type>>& descriptorSets() const = 0;
 
        const push_constants_layout_type* pushConstants() const noexcept override = 0;
 
    private:
        inline Enumerable<SharedPtr<const IDescriptorSetLayout>> getDescriptorSets() const override {
            return this->descriptorSets();
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TVertexBufferLayout> requires
        meta::implements<TVertexBufferLayout, IVertexBufferLayout>
    class VertexBuffer : public virtual IVertexBuffer {
    public:
        using vertex_buffer_layout_type = TVertexBufferLayout;
    protected:
        VertexBuffer() noexcept = default;
        VertexBuffer(const VertexBuffer&) = default;
        VertexBuffer(VertexBuffer&&) noexcept = default;
        VertexBuffer& operator=(const VertexBuffer&) = default;
        VertexBuffer& operator=(VertexBuffer&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~VertexBuffer() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        const vertex_buffer_layout_type& layout() const noexcept override = 0;
    };
 
    template <typename TIndexBufferLayout> requires
        meta::implements<TIndexBufferLayout, IIndexBufferLayout>
    class IndexBuffer : public virtual IIndexBuffer {
    public:
        using index_buffer_layout_type = TIndexBufferLayout;
    
    protected:
        IndexBuffer() noexcept = default;
        IndexBuffer(const IndexBuffer&) = default;
        IndexBuffer(IndexBuffer&&) noexcept = default;
        IndexBuffer& operator=(const IndexBuffer&) = default;
        IndexBuffer& operator=(IndexBuffer&&) noexcept = default;
    
    public:
        ~IndexBuffer() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        const index_buffer_layout_type& layout() const noexcept override = 0;
    };
 
    template <typename TVertexBufferLayout, typename TIndexBufferLayout> requires
        meta::implements<TVertexBufferLayout, IVertexBufferLayout> &&
        meta::implements<TIndexBufferLayout, IIndexBufferLayout>
    class InputAssembler : public IInputAssembler {
    public:
        using vertex_buffer_layout_type = TVertexBufferLayout;
        using index_buffer_layout_type = TIndexBufferLayout;
 
    protected:
        InputAssembler() noexcept = default;
        InputAssembler(const InputAssembler&) = default;
        InputAssembler(InputAssembler&&) noexcept = default;
        InputAssembler& operator=(const InputAssembler&) = default;
        InputAssembler& operator=(InputAssembler&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~InputAssembler() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual Enumerable<const vertex_buffer_layout_type&> vertexBufferLayouts() const = 0;
 
        const vertex_buffer_layout_type& vertexBufferLayout(UInt32 binding) const override = 0;
 
        const index_buffer_layout_type* indexBufferLayout() const noexcept override = 0;
 
    private:
        inline Enumerable<const IVertexBufferLayout&> getVertexBufferLayouts() const override {
            return this->vertexBufferLayouts();
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TPipelineLayout, typename TShaderProgram> requires
        meta::implements<TPipelineLayout, PipelineLayout<typename TPipelineLayout::descriptor_set_layout_type, typename TPipelineLayout::push_constants_layout_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TShaderProgram, ShaderProgram<typename TShaderProgram::shader_module_type>>
    class Pipeline : public virtual IPipeline, public virtual StateResource {
    public:
        using shader_program_type = TShaderProgram;
        using pipeline_layout_type = TPipelineLayout;
 
    protected:
        Pipeline() noexcept = default;
        Pipeline(const Pipeline&) = default;
        Pipeline(Pipeline&&) noexcept = default;
        Pipeline& operator=(const Pipeline&) = default;
        Pipeline& operator=(Pipeline&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~Pipeline() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual SharedPtr<const shader_program_type> program() const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<const pipeline_layout_type> layout() const noexcept = 0;
 
    private:
        inline SharedPtr<const IShaderProgram> getProgram() const noexcept override {
            return std::static_pointer_cast<const IShaderProgram>(this->program());
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<const IPipelineLayout> getLayout() const noexcept override {
            return std::static_pointer_cast<const IPipelineLayout>(this->layout());
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TCommandBuffer, typename TBuffer, typename TVertexBuffer, typename TIndexBuffer, typename TImage, typename TBarrier, typename TPipeline, typename TBLAS, typename TTLAS> requires
        meta::implements<TBarrier, Barrier<TBuffer, TImage>> &&
        //std::derived_from<TCommandBuffer, ICommandBuffer> &&
        std::derived_from<TPipeline, Pipeline<typename TPipeline::pipeline_layout_type, typename TPipeline::shader_program_type>> &&
        std::derived_from<TBLAS, IBottomLevelAccelerationStructure> &&
        std::derived_from<TTLAS, ITopLevelAccelerationStructure>
    class CommandBuffer : public ICommandBuffer {
    public:
        using ICommandBuffer::queue;
        using ICommandBuffer::dispatch;
        using ICommandBuffer::dispatchIndirect;
 
        using ICommandBuffer::dispatchMesh;
        using ICommandBuffer::draw;
        using ICommandBuffer::drawIndirect;
        using ICommandBuffer::drawIndexed;
        using ICommandBuffer::drawIndexedIndirect;
        using ICommandBuffer::barrier;
        using ICommandBuffer::transfer;
        using ICommandBuffer::bind;
        using ICommandBuffer::use;
        using ICommandBuffer::pushConstants;
        using ICommandBuffer::buildAccelerationStructure;
        using ICommandBuffer::updateAccelerationStructure;
        using ICommandBuffer::copyAccelerationStructure;
 
        friend TCommandBuffer;
 
    public:
        using command_buffer_type = TCommandBuffer;
        using buffer_type = TBuffer;
        using vertex_buffer_type = TVertexBuffer;
        using index_buffer_type = TIndexBuffer;
        using image_type = TImage;
        using barrier_type = TBarrier;
        using pipeline_type = TPipeline;
        using pipeline_layout_type = pipeline_type::pipeline_layout_type;
        using descriptor_set_layout_type = pipeline_layout_type::descriptor_set_layout_type;
        using push_constants_layout_type = pipeline_layout_type::push_constants_layout_type;
        using descriptor_set_type = descriptor_set_layout_type::descriptor_set_type;
        using bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type = TBLAS;
        using top_level_acceleration_structure_type = TTLAS;
 
    private:
        CommandBuffer() noexcept = default;
        CommandBuffer(CommandBuffer&&) noexcept = default;
        CommandBuffer(const CommandBuffer&) = default;
        CommandBuffer& operator=(const CommandBuffer&) = default;
        CommandBuffer& operator=(CommandBuffer&&) noexcept = default;
 
    public:
        ~CommandBuffer() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual UniquePtr<barrier_type> makeBarrier(PipelineStage syncBefore, PipelineStage syncAfter) const = 0;
 
        virtual void barrier(const barrier_type& barrier) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const buffer_type& source, const buffer_type& target, UInt32 sourceElement = 0, UInt32 targetElement = 0, UInt32 elements = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const void* const data, size_t size, const buffer_type& target, UInt32 targetElement = 0, UInt32 elements = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(Span<const void* const> data, size_t elementSize, const buffer_type& target, UInt32 firstElement = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const buffer_type& source, const image_type& target, UInt32 sourceElement = 0, UInt32 firstSubresource = 0, UInt32 elements = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const void* const data, size_t size, const image_type& target, UInt32 subresource = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(Span<const void* const> data, size_t elementSize, const image_type& target, UInt32 firstSubresource = 0, UInt32 subresources = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const image_type& source, const image_type& target, UInt32 sourceSubresource = 0, UInt32 targetSubresource = 0, UInt32 subresources = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const image_type& source, const buffer_type& target, UInt32 firstSubresource = 0, UInt32 targetElement = 0, UInt32 subresources = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const SharedPtr<const buffer_type>& source, const buffer_type& target, UInt32 sourceElement = 0, UInt32 targetElement = 0, UInt32 elements = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const SharedPtr<const buffer_type>& source, const image_type& target, UInt32 sourceElement = 0, UInt32 firstSubresource = 0, UInt32 elements = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const SharedPtr<const image_type>& source, const image_type& target, UInt32 sourceSubresource = 0, UInt32 targetSubresource = 0, UInt32 subresources = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void transfer(const SharedPtr<const image_type>& source, const buffer_type& target, UInt32 firstSubresource = 0, UInt32 targetElement = 0, UInt32 subresources = 1) const = 0;
 
        virtual void use(const pipeline_type& pipeline) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void bind(const descriptor_set_type& descriptorSet) const = 0;
 
        virtual void bind(Span<const descriptor_set_type*> descriptorSets) const = 0;
 
        virtual void bind(const descriptor_set_type& descriptorSet, const pipeline_type& pipeline) const = 0;
 
        virtual void bind(Span<const descriptor_set_type*> descriptorSets, const pipeline_type& pipeline) const = 0;
 
        virtual void bind(const vertex_buffer_type& buffer) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void bind(const index_buffer_type& buffer) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void pushConstants(const push_constants_layout_type& layout, const void* const memory) const = 0;
 
        virtual void dispatchIndirect(const buffer_type& batchBuffer, UInt32 batchCount, UInt64 offset = 0) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void dispatchMeshIndirect(const buffer_type& batchBuffer, UInt32 batchCount, UInt64 offset = 0) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void dispatchMeshIndirect(const buffer_type& batchBuffer, const buffer_type& countBuffer, UInt64 offset = 0, UInt64 countOffset = 0, UInt32 maxBatches = std::numeric_limits<UInt32>::max()) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void drawIndirect(const buffer_type& batchBuffer, UInt32 batchCount, UInt64 offset = 0) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void drawIndirect(const buffer_type& batchBuffer, const buffer_type& countBuffer, UInt64 offset = 0, UInt64 countOffset = 0, UInt32 maxBatches = std::numeric_limits<UInt32>::max()) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void drawIndexedIndirect(const buffer_type& batchBuffer, UInt32 batchCount, UInt64 offset = 0) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void drawIndexedIndirect(const buffer_type& batchBuffer, const buffer_type& countBuffer, UInt64 offset = 0, UInt64 countOffset = 0, UInt32 maxBatches = std::numeric_limits<UInt32>::max()) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual inline void draw(const vertex_buffer_type& vertexBuffer, UInt32 instances = 1, UInt32 firstVertex = 0, UInt32 firstInstance = 0) const {
            this->bind(vertexBuffer);
            this->draw(vertexBuffer.elements(), instances, firstVertex, firstInstance);
        }
 
        virtual inline void drawIndexed(const index_buffer_type& indexBuffer, UInt32 instances = 1, UInt32 firstIndex = 0, Int32 vertexOffset = 0, UInt32 firstInstance = 0) const {
            this->bind(indexBuffer);
            this->drawIndexed(indexBuffer.elements(), instances, firstIndex, vertexOffset, firstInstance);
        }
 
        virtual inline void drawIndexed(const vertex_buffer_type& vertexBuffer, const index_buffer_type& indexBuffer, UInt32 instances = 1, UInt32 firstIndex = 0, Int32 vertexOffset = 0, UInt32 firstInstance = 0) const {
            this->bind(vertexBuffer);
            this->bind(indexBuffer);
            this->drawIndexed(indexBuffer.elements(), instances, firstIndex, vertexOffset, firstInstance);
        }
 
        virtual void execute(const SharedPtr<const command_buffer_type>& commandBuffer) const = 0;
 
        virtual void execute(Enumerable<SharedPtr<const command_buffer_type>> commandBuffers) const = 0;
 
        virtual void buildAccelerationStructure(bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type& blas, const SharedPtr<const buffer_type>& scratchBuffer, const buffer_type& buffer, UInt64 offset = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual void buildAccelerationStructure(top_level_acceleration_structure_type& tlas, const SharedPtr<const buffer_type>& scratchBuffer, const buffer_type& buffer, UInt64 offset = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual void updateAccelerationStructure(bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type& blas, const SharedPtr<const buffer_type>& scratchBuffer, const buffer_type& buffer, UInt64 offset = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual void updateAccelerationStructure(top_level_acceleration_structure_type& tlas, const SharedPtr<const buffer_type>& scratchBuffer, const buffer_type& buffer, UInt64 offset = 0) const = 0;
 
        virtual void copyAccelerationStructure(const bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type& from, const bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type& to, bool compress = false) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void copyAccelerationStructure(const top_level_acceleration_structure_type& from, const top_level_acceleration_structure_type& to, bool compress = false) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void traceRays(UInt32 width, UInt32 height, UInt32 depth, const ShaderBindingTableOffsets& offsets, const buffer_type& rayGenerationShaderBindingTable, const buffer_type* missShaderBindingTable, const buffer_type* hitShaderBindingTable, const buffer_type* callableShaderBindingTable) const noexcept = 0;
 
        inline void traceRays(const Vector3u& dimensions, const ShaderBindingTableOffsets& offsets, const buffer_type& rayGenerationShaderBindingTable, const buffer_type* missShaderBindingTable, const buffer_type* hitShaderBindingTable, const buffer_type* callableShaderBindingTable) const noexcept {
            this->traceRays(dimensions.x(), dimensions.y(), dimensions.z(), offsets, rayGenerationShaderBindingTable, missShaderBindingTable, hitShaderBindingTable, callableShaderBindingTable);
        }
 
    private:
        inline UniquePtr<IBarrier> getBarrier(PipelineStage syncBefore, PipelineStage syncAfter) const override {
            return this->makeBarrier(syncBefore, syncAfter);
        }
 
        inline void cmdBarrier(const IBarrier& barrier) const noexcept override {
            this->barrier(dynamic_cast<const barrier_type&>(barrier));
        }
 
        inline void cmdTransfer(const IBuffer& source, const IBuffer& target, UInt32 sourceElement, UInt32 targetElement, UInt32 elements) const override {
            this->transfer(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(source), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(target), sourceElement, targetElement, elements);
        }
        
        inline void cmdTransfer(const IBuffer& source, const IImage& target, UInt32 sourceElement, UInt32 firstSubresource, UInt32 elements) const override {
            this->transfer(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(source), dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(target), sourceElement, firstSubresource, elements);
        }
        
        inline void cmdTransfer(const IImage& source, const IImage& target, UInt32 sourceSubresource, UInt32 targetSubresource, UInt32 subresources) const override {
            this->transfer(dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(source), dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(target), sourceSubresource, targetSubresource, subresources);
        }
 
        inline void cmdTransfer(const IImage& source, const IBuffer& target, UInt32 firstSubresource, UInt32 targetElement, UInt32 subresources) const override {
            this->transfer(dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(source), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(target), firstSubresource, targetElement, subresources);
        }
 
        inline void cmdTransfer(const SharedPtr<const IBuffer>& source, const IBuffer& target, UInt32 sourceElement, UInt32 targetElement, UInt32 elements) const override {
            this->transfer(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const buffer_type>(source), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(target), sourceElement, targetElement, elements);
        }
        
        inline void cmdTransfer(const SharedPtr<const IBuffer>& source, const IImage& target, UInt32 sourceElement, UInt32 firstSubresource, UInt32 elements) const override {
            this->transfer(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const buffer_type>(source), dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(target), sourceElement, firstSubresource, elements);
        }
        
        inline void cmdTransfer(const SharedPtr<const IImage>& source, const IImage& target, UInt32 sourceSubresource, UInt32 targetSubresource, UInt32 subresources) const override {
            this->transfer(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const image_type>(source), dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(target), sourceSubresource, targetSubresource, subresources);
        }
        
        inline void cmdTransfer(const SharedPtr<const IImage>& source, const IBuffer& target, UInt32 firstSubresource, UInt32 targetElement, UInt32 subresources) const override {
            this->transfer(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const image_type>(source), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(target), firstSubresource, targetElement, subresources);
        }
 
        inline void cmdTransfer(const void* const data, size_t size, const IBuffer& target, UInt32 targetElement, UInt32 elements) const override {
            this->transfer(data, size, dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(target), targetElement, elements);
        }
 
        inline void cmdTransfer(Span<const void* const> data, size_t elementSize, const IBuffer& target, UInt32 targetElement) const override {
            this->transfer(data, elementSize, dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(target), targetElement);
        }
 
        inline void cmdTransfer(const void* const data, size_t size, const IImage& target, UInt32 subresource) const override {
            this->transfer(data, size, dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(target), subresource);
        }
 
        inline void cmdTransfer(Span<const void* const> data, size_t elementSize, const IImage& target, UInt32 firstSubresource, UInt32 elements) const override {
            this->transfer(data, elementSize, dynamic_cast<const image_type&>(target), firstSubresource, elements);
        }
 
        inline void cmdUse(const IPipeline& pipeline) const noexcept override {
            this->use(dynamic_cast<const pipeline_type&>(pipeline));
        }
 
        inline void cmdBind(const IDescriptorSet& descriptorSet) const override {
            this->bind(dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type&>(descriptorSet));
        }
 
        inline void cmdBind(Span<const IDescriptorSet*> descriptorSets) const override {
            auto sets = descriptorSets | std::views::transform([](auto set) { return dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type*>(set); }) | std::ranges::to<Array<const descriptor_set_type*>>();
            this->bind(Span<const descriptor_set_type*>(sets));
        }
 
        inline void cmdBind(const IDescriptorSet& descriptorSet, const IPipeline& pipeline) const override {
            this->bind(dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type&>(descriptorSet), dynamic_cast<const pipeline_type&>(pipeline));
        }
 
        inline void cmdBind(Span<const IDescriptorSet*> descriptorSets, const IPipeline& pipeline) const override {
            auto sets = descriptorSets | std::views::transform([](auto set) { return dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type*>(set); }) | std::ranges::to<Array<const descriptor_set_type*>>();
            this->bind(Span<const descriptor_set_type*>(sets), dynamic_cast<const pipeline_type&>(pipeline));
        }
        
        inline void cmdBind(const IVertexBuffer& buffer) const override {
            this->bind(dynamic_cast<const vertex_buffer_type&>(buffer));
        }
 
        inline void cmdBind(const IIndexBuffer& buffer) const override {
            this->bind(dynamic_cast<const index_buffer_type&>(buffer));
        }
        
        inline void cmdPushConstants(const IPushConstantsLayout& layout, const void* const memory) const override {
            this->pushConstants(dynamic_cast<const push_constants_layout_type&>(layout), memory);
        }
 
        inline void cmdDispatchIndirect(const IBuffer& batchBuffer, UInt32 batchCount, UInt64 offset) const noexcept override {
            this->dispatchIndirect(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(batchBuffer), batchCount, offset);
        }
 
        inline void cmdDispatchMeshIndirect(const IBuffer& batchBuffer, UInt32 batchCount, UInt64 offset) const noexcept override {
            this->dispatchMeshIndirect(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(batchBuffer), batchCount, offset);
        }
 
        inline void cmdDispatchMeshIndirect(const IBuffer& batchBuffer, const IBuffer& countBuffer, UInt64 offset, UInt64 countOffset, UInt32 maxBatches) const noexcept override {
            this->dispatchMeshIndirect(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(batchBuffer), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(countBuffer), offset, countOffset, maxBatches);
        }
        
        inline void cmdDraw(const IVertexBuffer& vertexBuffer, UInt32 instances, UInt32 firstVertex, UInt32 firstInstance) const override {
            this->draw(dynamic_cast<const vertex_buffer_type&>(vertexBuffer), instances, firstVertex, firstInstance);
        }
 
        inline void cmdDrawIndirect(const IBuffer& batchBuffer, UInt32 batchCount, UInt64 offset) const noexcept override {
            this->drawIndirect(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(batchBuffer), batchCount, offset);
        }
 
        inline void cmdDrawIndirect(const IBuffer& batchBuffer, const IBuffer& countBuffer, UInt64 offset, UInt64 countOffset, UInt32 maxBatches) const noexcept override {
            this->drawIndirect(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(batchBuffer), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(countBuffer), offset, countOffset, maxBatches);
        }
        
        inline void cmdDrawIndexed(const IIndexBuffer& indexBuffer, UInt32 instances, UInt32 firstIndex, Int32 vertexOffset, UInt32 firstInstance) const override {
            this->drawIndexed(dynamic_cast<const index_buffer_type&>(indexBuffer), instances, firstIndex, vertexOffset, firstInstance);
        }
        
        inline void cmdDrawIndexed(const IVertexBuffer& vertexBuffer, const IIndexBuffer& indexBuffer, UInt32 instances, UInt32 firstIndex, Int32 vertexOffset, UInt32 firstInstance) const override {
            this->drawIndexed(dynamic_cast<const vertex_buffer_type&>(vertexBuffer), dynamic_cast<const index_buffer_type&>(indexBuffer), instances, firstIndex, vertexOffset, firstInstance);
        }
 
        inline void cmdDrawIndexedIndirect(const IBuffer& batchBuffer, UInt32 batchCount, UInt64 offset) const noexcept override {
            this->drawIndexedIndirect(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(batchBuffer), batchCount, offset);
        }
 
        inline void cmdDrawIndexedIndirect(const IBuffer& batchBuffer, const IBuffer& countBuffer, UInt64 offset, UInt64 countOffset, UInt32 maxBatches) const noexcept override {
            this->drawIndexedIndirect(dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(batchBuffer), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(countBuffer), offset, countOffset, maxBatches);
        }
 
        inline void cmdExecute(const SharedPtr<const ICommandBuffer>& commandBuffer) const override {
            this->execute(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const command_buffer_type>(commandBuffer));
        }
        
        inline void cmdExecute(Enumerable<SharedPtr<const ICommandBuffer>> commandBuffers) const override {
            return this->execute(commandBuffers | std::views::transform([](const SharedPtr<const ICommandBuffer>& buffer) { return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const command_buffer_type>(buffer); }));
        }
 
        void cmdBuildAccelerationStructure(IBottomLevelAccelerationStructure& blas, const SharedPtr<const IBuffer>& scratchBuffer, const IBuffer& buffer, UInt64 offset) const override {
            this->buildAccelerationStructure(dynamic_cast<bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(blas), std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const buffer_type>(scratchBuffer), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(buffer), offset);
        }
 
        void cmdBuildAccelerationStructure(ITopLevelAccelerationStructure& tlas, const SharedPtr<const IBuffer>& scratchBuffer, const IBuffer& buffer, UInt64 offset) const override {
            this->buildAccelerationStructure(dynamic_cast<top_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(tlas), std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const buffer_type>(scratchBuffer), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(buffer), offset);
        }
 
        void cmdUpdateAccelerationStructure(IBottomLevelAccelerationStructure& blas, const SharedPtr<const IBuffer>& scratchBuffer, const IBuffer& buffer, UInt64 offset) const override {
            this->updateAccelerationStructure(dynamic_cast<bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(blas), std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const buffer_type>(scratchBuffer), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(buffer), offset);
        }
        
        void cmdUpdateAccelerationStructure(ITopLevelAccelerationStructure& tlas, const SharedPtr<const IBuffer>& scratchBuffer, const IBuffer& buffer, UInt64 offset) const override {
            this->updateAccelerationStructure(dynamic_cast<top_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(tlas), std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const buffer_type>(scratchBuffer), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(buffer), offset);
        }
 
        void cmdCopyAccelerationStructure(const IBottomLevelAccelerationStructure& from, const IBottomLevelAccelerationStructure& to, bool compress) const noexcept override {
            this->copyAccelerationStructure(dynamic_cast<const bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(from), dynamic_cast<const bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(to), compress);
        }
 
        void cmdCopyAccelerationStructure(const ITopLevelAccelerationStructure& from, const ITopLevelAccelerationStructure& to, bool compress) const noexcept override {
            this->copyAccelerationStructure(dynamic_cast<const top_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(from), dynamic_cast<const top_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(to), compress);
        }
 
        void cmdTraceRays(UInt32 width, UInt32 height, UInt32 depth, const ShaderBindingTableOffsets& offsets, const IBuffer& rayGenerationShaderBindingTable, const IBuffer* missShaderBindingTable, const IBuffer* hitShaderBindingTable, const IBuffer* callableShaderBindingTable) const noexcept override {
            this->traceRays(width, height, depth, offsets, dynamic_cast<const buffer_type&>(rayGenerationShaderBindingTable), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type*>(missShaderBindingTable), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type*>(hitShaderBindingTable), dynamic_cast<const buffer_type*>(callableShaderBindingTable));
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TPipelineLayout, typename TShaderProgram, typename TInputAssembler, typename TRasterizer> requires
        meta::implements<TInputAssembler, InputAssembler<typename TInputAssembler::vertex_buffer_layout_type, typename TInputAssembler::index_buffer_layout_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TRasterizer, Rasterizer>
    class RenderPipeline : public IRenderPipeline, public virtual Pipeline<TPipelineLayout, TShaderProgram> {
    public:
        using input_assembler_type = TInputAssembler;
        using rasterizer_type = TRasterizer;
 
    protected:
        RenderPipeline() noexcept = default;
        RenderPipeline(RenderPipeline&&) noexcept = default;
        RenderPipeline(const RenderPipeline&) = default;
        RenderPipeline& operator=(RenderPipeline&&) noexcept = default;
        RenderPipeline& operator=(const RenderPipeline&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~RenderPipeline() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual SharedPtr<input_assembler_type> inputAssembler() const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<rasterizer_type> rasterizer() const noexcept = 0;
 
    private:
        inline SharedPtr<IInputAssembler> getInputAssembler() const noexcept override {
            return this->inputAssembler();
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<IRasterizer> getRasterizer() const noexcept override {
            return this->rasterizer();
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TPipelineLayout, typename TShaderProgram>
    class ComputePipeline : public IComputePipeline, public virtual Pipeline<TPipelineLayout, TShaderProgram> {
    protected:
        ComputePipeline() noexcept = default;
        ComputePipeline(ComputePipeline&&) noexcept = default;
        ComputePipeline(const ComputePipeline&) = default;
        ComputePipeline& operator=(ComputePipeline&&) noexcept = default;
        ComputePipeline& operator=(const ComputePipeline&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~ComputePipeline() noexcept override = default;
    };
 
    template <typename TPipelineLayout, typename TShaderProgram>
    class RayTracingPipeline : public IRayTracingPipeline, public virtual Pipeline<TPipelineLayout, TShaderProgram> {
    public:
        using base_type = Pipeline<TPipelineLayout, TShaderProgram>;
        using descriptor_set_layout_type = base_type::pipeline_layout_type::descriptor_set_layout_type;
        using descriptor_set_type = descriptor_set_layout_type::descriptor_set_type;
        using descriptor_layout_type = descriptor_set_layout_type::descriptor_layout_type;
        using buffer_type = descriptor_set_type::buffer_type;
        using image_type = descriptor_set_type::image_type;
        using sampler_type = descriptor_set_type::sampler_type;
 
    protected:
        RayTracingPipeline() noexcept = default;
        RayTracingPipeline(RayTracingPipeline&&) noexcept = default;
        RayTracingPipeline(const RayTracingPipeline&) = default;
        RayTracingPipeline& operator=(RayTracingPipeline&&) noexcept = default;
        RayTracingPipeline& operator=(const RayTracingPipeline&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~RayTracingPipeline() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual SharedPtr<buffer_type> allocateShaderBindingTable(ShaderBindingTableOffsets& offsets, ShaderBindingGroup groups = ShaderBindingGroup::All) const = 0;
 
    private:
        inline SharedPtr<IBuffer> getShaderBindingTable(ShaderBindingTableOffsets& offsets, ShaderBindingGroup groups) const override {
            return this->allocateShaderBindingTable(offsets, groups);
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TImage> requires
        std::derived_from<TImage, IImage>
    class FrameBuffer : public virtual StateResource, public IFrameBuffer {
    public:
        using image_type = TImage;
        using allocation_callback_type = IFrameBuffer::allocation_callback_type<image_type>;
 
    public:
        using IFrameBuffer::addImage;
 
    protected:
        FrameBuffer() noexcept = default;
        FrameBuffer(FrameBuffer&&) noexcept = default;
        FrameBuffer(const FrameBuffer&) = default;
        FrameBuffer& operator=(FrameBuffer&&) noexcept = default;
        FrameBuffer& operator=(const FrameBuffer&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~FrameBuffer() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual const Array<SharedPtr<const image_type>>& images() const = 0;
 
    private:
        inline Enumerable<const IImage&> getImages() const override {
            return this->images() | std::views::transform([](auto& image) -> const IImage& { return *image; });
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TCommandBuffer> requires
        meta::implements<TCommandBuffer, CommandBuffer<typename TCommandBuffer::command_buffer_type, typename TCommandBuffer::buffer_type, typename TCommandBuffer::vertex_buffer_type, typename TCommandBuffer::index_buffer_type, typename TCommandBuffer::image_type, typename TCommandBuffer::barrier_type, typename TCommandBuffer::pipeline_type, typename TCommandBuffer::bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type, typename TCommandBuffer::top_level_acceleration_structure_type>>
    class CommandQueue : public ICommandQueue {
    public:
        using ICommandQueue::submit;
 
        using command_buffer_type = TCommandBuffer;
 
    protected:
        CommandQueue() noexcept = default;
        CommandQueue(CommandQueue&&) noexcept = default;
        CommandQueue(const CommandQueue&) = default;
        CommandQueue& operator=(CommandQueue&&) noexcept = default;
        CommandQueue& operator=(const CommandQueue&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~CommandQueue() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual SharedPtr<command_buffer_type> createCommandBuffer(bool beginRecording = false, bool secondary = false) const = 0;
 
        virtual inline UInt64 submit(const SharedPtr<command_buffer_type>& commandBuffer) const {
            return this->submit(std::static_pointer_cast<const command_buffer_type>(commandBuffer));
        }
 
        virtual UInt64 submit(const SharedPtr<const command_buffer_type>& commandBuffer) const = 0;
 
        virtual UInt64 submit(Enumerable<SharedPtr<const command_buffer_type>> commandBuffers) const = 0;
 
    private:
        inline SharedPtr<ICommandBuffer> getCommandBuffer(bool beginRecording, bool secondary) const override {
            return this->createCommandBuffer(beginRecording, secondary);
        }
 
        inline UInt64 submitCommandBuffer(const SharedPtr<const ICommandBuffer>& commandBuffer) const override {
            return this->submit(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const command_buffer_type>(commandBuffer));
        }
 
        inline UInt64 submitCommandBuffers(Enumerable<SharedPtr<const ICommandBuffer>> commandBuffers) const override {
            return this->submit(Enumerable<SharedPtr<const command_buffer_type>> { 
                commandBuffers | std::views::transform([](const SharedPtr<const ICommandBuffer>& buffer) { return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const command_buffer_type>(buffer); }) 
            });
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TCommandQueue, typename TFrameBuffer> requires
        meta::implements<TCommandQueue, CommandQueue<typename TCommandQueue::command_buffer_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TFrameBuffer, FrameBuffer<typename TFrameBuffer::image_type>>
    class RenderPass : public virtual StateResource, public IRenderPass {
    public:
        using command_queue_type = TCommandQueue;
        using command_buffer_type = TCommandQueue::command_buffer_type;
        using frame_buffer_type = TFrameBuffer;
 
    protected:
        RenderPass() noexcept = default;
        RenderPass(RenderPass&&) noexcept = default;
        RenderPass(const RenderPass&) = default;
        RenderPass& operator=(RenderPass&&) noexcept = default;
        RenderPass& operator=(const RenderPass&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~RenderPass() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual SharedPtr<const frame_buffer_type> activeFrameBuffer() const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual Enumerable<SharedPtr<const command_buffer_type>> commandBuffers() const = 0;
 
        virtual const command_queue_type& commandQueue() const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<const command_buffer_type> commandBuffer(UInt32 index) const = 0;
 
        virtual void begin(const frame_buffer_type& frameBuffer) const = 0;
 
    private:
        inline SharedPtr<const IFrameBuffer> getActiveFrameBuffer() const noexcept override {
            return this->activeFrameBuffer();
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<const ICommandBuffer> getCommandBuffer(UInt32 index) const noexcept override {
            return this->commandBuffer(index);
        }
 
        inline const ICommandQueue& getCommandQueue() const noexcept override {
            return this->commandQueue();
        }
 
        inline Enumerable<SharedPtr<const ICommandBuffer>> getCommandBuffers() const override {
            return this->commandBuffers();
        }
 
        inline void beginRenderPass(const IFrameBuffer& frameBuffer) const override {
            this->begin(dynamic_cast<const frame_buffer_type&>(frameBuffer));
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TImageInterface> requires
        std::derived_from<TImageInterface, IImage>
    class SwapChain : public ISwapChain {
    public:
        using image_interface_type = TImageInterface;
 
    protected:
        SwapChain() noexcept = default;
        SwapChain(SwapChain&&) noexcept = default;
        SwapChain(const SwapChain&) = default;
        SwapChain& operator=(SwapChain&&) noexcept = default;
        SwapChain& operator=(const SwapChain&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~SwapChain() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual const Array<SharedPtr<image_interface_type>>& images() const noexcept = 0;
 
    private:
        inline Enumerable<IImage&> getImages() const override {
            return this->images() | std::views::transform([](auto& image) -> IImage& { return *image; });
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TDescriptorLayout, typename TBuffer, typename TVertexBuffer, typename TIndexBuffer, typename TImage, typename TSampler, typename TBLAS, typename TTLAS> requires
        meta::implements<TDescriptorLayout, IDescriptorLayout> &&
        std::derived_from<TVertexBuffer, VertexBuffer<typename TVertexBuffer::vertex_buffer_layout_type>> &&
        std::derived_from<TIndexBuffer, IndexBuffer<typename TIndexBuffer::index_buffer_layout_type>> &&
        std::derived_from<TImage, IImage> &&
        std::derived_from<TBuffer, IBuffer> &&
        std::derived_from<TSampler, ISampler> &&
        std::derived_from<TBLAS, IBottomLevelAccelerationStructure> &&
        std::derived_from<TTLAS, ITopLevelAccelerationStructure>
    class GraphicsFactory : public IGraphicsFactory {
    public:
        using IGraphicsFactory::createBuffer;
        using IGraphicsFactory::tryCreateBuffer;
        using IGraphicsFactory::createVertexBuffer;
        using IGraphicsFactory::tryCreateVertexBuffer;
        using IGraphicsFactory::createIndexBuffer;
        using IGraphicsFactory::tryCreateIndexBuffer;
        using IGraphicsFactory::createTexture;
        using IGraphicsFactory::tryCreateTexture;
        using IGraphicsFactory::createTextures;
        using IGraphicsFactory::createSampler;
        using IGraphicsFactory::createSamplers;
 
        using descriptor_layout_type = TDescriptorLayout;
        using vertex_buffer_type = TVertexBuffer;
        using vertex_buffer_layout_type = vertex_buffer_type::vertex_buffer_layout_type;
        using index_buffer_type = TIndexBuffer;
        using index_buffer_layout_type = index_buffer_type::index_buffer_layout_type;
        using buffer_type = TBuffer;
        using image_type = TImage;
        using sampler_type = TSampler;
        using bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type = TBLAS;
        using top_level_acceleration_structure_type = TTLAS;
 
    protected:
        GraphicsFactory() noexcept = default;
        GraphicsFactory(GraphicsFactory&&) noexcept = default;
        GraphicsFactory(const GraphicsFactory&) = default;
        GraphicsFactory& operator=(GraphicsFactory&&) noexcept = default;
        GraphicsFactory& operator=(const GraphicsFactory&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~GraphicsFactory() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual SharedPtr<TBuffer> createBuffer(BufferType type, ResourceHeap heap, size_t elementSize, UInt32 elements = 1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
        
        virtual SharedPtr<TBuffer> createBuffer(const String& name, BufferType type, ResourceHeap heap, size_t elementSize, UInt32 elements = 1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<TVertexBuffer> createVertexBuffer(const vertex_buffer_layout_type& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements = 1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<TVertexBuffer> createVertexBuffer(const String& name, const vertex_buffer_layout_type& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements = 1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<TIndexBuffer> createIndexBuffer(const index_buffer_layout_type& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<TIndexBuffer> createIndexBuffer(const String& name, const index_buffer_layout_type& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<TImage> createTexture(Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension = ImageDimensions::DIM_2, UInt32 levels = 1, UInt32 layers = 1, MultiSamplingLevel samples = MultiSamplingLevel::x1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<TImage> createTexture(const String& name, Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension = ImageDimensions::DIM_2, UInt32 levels = 1, UInt32 layers = 1, MultiSamplingLevel samples = MultiSamplingLevel::x1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual bool tryCreateBuffer(SharedPtr<TBuffer>& buffer, BufferType type, ResourceHeap heap, size_t elementSize, UInt32 elements = 1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual bool tryCreateBuffer(SharedPtr<TBuffer>& buffer, const String& name, BufferType type, ResourceHeap heap, size_t elementSize, UInt32 elements = 1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual bool tryCreateVertexBuffer(SharedPtr<TVertexBuffer>& buffer, const vertex_buffer_layout_type& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements = 1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual bool tryCreateVertexBuffer(SharedPtr<TVertexBuffer>& buffer, const String& name, const vertex_buffer_layout_type& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements = 1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual bool tryCreateIndexBuffer(SharedPtr<TIndexBuffer>& buffer, const index_buffer_layout_type& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual bool tryCreateIndexBuffer(SharedPtr<TIndexBuffer>& buffer, const String& name, const index_buffer_layout_type& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual bool tryCreateTexture(SharedPtr<TImage>& image, Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension = ImageDimensions::DIM_2, UInt32 levels = 1, UInt32 layers = 1, MultiSamplingLevel samples = MultiSamplingLevel::x1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual bool tryCreateTexture(SharedPtr<TImage>& image, const String& name, Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension = ImageDimensions::DIM_2, UInt32 levels = 1, UInt32 layers = 1, MultiSamplingLevel samples = MultiSamplingLevel::x1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual Generator<SharedPtr<TImage>> createTextures(Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension = ImageDimensions::DIM_2, UInt32 layers = 1, UInt32 levels = 1, MultiSamplingLevel samples = MultiSamplingLevel::x1, ResourceUsage usage = ResourceUsage::Default, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior = AllocationBehavior::Default) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<TSampler> createSampler(FilterMode magFilter = FilterMode::Nearest, FilterMode minFilter = FilterMode::Nearest, BorderMode borderU = BorderMode::Repeat, BorderMode borderV = BorderMode::Repeat, BorderMode borderW = BorderMode::Repeat, MipMapMode mipMapMode = MipMapMode::Nearest, Float mipMapBias = 0.f, Float maxLod = std::numeric_limits<Float>::max(), Float minLod = 0.f, Float anisotropy = 0.f) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<TSampler> createSampler(const String& name, FilterMode magFilter = FilterMode::Nearest, FilterMode minFilter = FilterMode::Nearest, BorderMode borderU = BorderMode::Repeat, BorderMode borderV = BorderMode::Repeat, BorderMode borderW = BorderMode::Repeat, MipMapMode mipMapMode = MipMapMode::Nearest, Float mipMapBias = 0.f, Float maxLod = std::numeric_limits<Float>::max(), Float minLod = 0.f, Float anisotropy = 0.f) const = 0;
 
        virtual Generator<SharedPtr<TSampler>> createSamplers(FilterMode magFilter = FilterMode::Nearest, FilterMode minFilter = FilterMode::Nearest, BorderMode borderU = BorderMode::Repeat, BorderMode borderV = BorderMode::Repeat, BorderMode borderW = BorderMode::Repeat, MipMapMode mipMapMode = MipMapMode::Nearest, Float mipMapBias = 0.f, Float maxLod = std::numeric_limits<Float>::max(), Float minLod = 0.f, Float anisotropy = 0.f) const = 0;
 
        inline UniquePtr<TBLAS> createBottomLevelAccelerationStructure(AccelerationStructureFlags flags) const {
            return this->createBottomLevelAccelerationStructure("", flags);
        }
 
        virtual UniquePtr<TBLAS> createBottomLevelAccelerationStructure(StringView name, AccelerationStructureFlags flags) const = 0;
 
        inline UniquePtr<TTLAS> createTopLevelAccelerationStructure(AccelerationStructureFlags flags) const {
            return this->createTopLevelAccelerationStructure("", flags);
        }
 
        virtual UniquePtr<TTLAS> createTopLevelAccelerationStructure(StringView name, AccelerationStructureFlags flags) const = 0;
 
    private:
        inline SharedPtr<IBuffer> getBuffer(BufferType type, ResourceHeap heap, size_t elementSize, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return this->createBuffer(type, heap, elementSize, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<IBuffer> getBuffer(const String& name, BufferType type, ResourceHeap heap, size_t elementSize, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return this->createBuffer(name, type, heap, elementSize, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<IVertexBuffer> getVertexBuffer(const IVertexBufferLayout& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return this->createVertexBuffer(dynamic_cast<const vertex_buffer_layout_type&>(layout), heap, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<IVertexBuffer> getVertexBuffer(const String& name, const IVertexBufferLayout& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return this->createVertexBuffer(name, dynamic_cast<const vertex_buffer_layout_type&>(layout), heap, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
        }
        
        inline SharedPtr<IIndexBuffer> getIndexBuffer(const IIndexBufferLayout& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return this->createIndexBuffer(dynamic_cast<const index_buffer_layout_type&>(layout), heap, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<IIndexBuffer> getIndexBuffer(const String& name, const IIndexBufferLayout& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return this->createIndexBuffer(name, dynamic_cast<const index_buffer_layout_type&>(layout), heap, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
        }
        
        inline SharedPtr<IImage> getTexture(Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension, UInt32 levels, UInt32 layers, MultiSamplingLevel samples, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return this->createTexture(format, size, dimension, levels, layers, samples, usage, allocationBehavior);
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<IImage> getTexture(const String& name, Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension, UInt32 levels, UInt32 layers, MultiSamplingLevel samples, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return this->createTexture(name, format, size, dimension, levels, layers, samples, usage, allocationBehavior);
        }
 
        inline bool tryGetBuffer(SharedPtr<IBuffer>& buffer, BufferType type, ResourceHeap heap, size_t elementSize, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            SharedPtr<buffer_type> actualBuffer;
            auto result = this->tryCreateBuffer(actualBuffer, type, heap, elementSize, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
            buffer = actualBuffer;
            return result;
        }
 
        inline bool tryGetBuffer(SharedPtr<IBuffer>& buffer, const String& name, BufferType type, ResourceHeap heap, size_t elementSize, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            SharedPtr<buffer_type> actualBuffer;
            auto result = this->tryCreateBuffer(actualBuffer, name, type, heap, elementSize, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
            buffer = actualBuffer;
            return result;
        }
 
        inline bool tryGetVertexBuffer(SharedPtr<IVertexBuffer>& buffer, const IVertexBufferLayout& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            SharedPtr<vertex_buffer_type> actualBuffer;
            auto result = this->tryCreateVertexBuffer(actualBuffer, dynamic_cast<const vertex_buffer_layout_type&>(layout), heap, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
            buffer = actualBuffer;
            return result;
        }
 
        inline bool tryGetVertexBuffer(SharedPtr<IVertexBuffer>& buffer, const String& name, const IVertexBufferLayout& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            SharedPtr<vertex_buffer_type> actualBuffer;
            auto result = this->tryCreateVertexBuffer(actualBuffer, name, dynamic_cast<const vertex_buffer_layout_type&>(layout), heap, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
            buffer = actualBuffer;
            return result;
        }
 
        inline bool tryGetIndexBuffer(SharedPtr<IIndexBuffer>& buffer, const IIndexBufferLayout& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            SharedPtr<index_buffer_type> actualBuffer;
            auto result = this->tryCreateIndexBuffer(actualBuffer, dynamic_cast<const index_buffer_layout_type&>(layout), heap, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
            buffer = actualBuffer;
            return result;
        }
 
        inline bool tryGetIndexBuffer(SharedPtr<IIndexBuffer>& buffer, const String& name, const IIndexBufferLayout& layout, ResourceHeap heap, UInt32 elements, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            SharedPtr<index_buffer_type> actualBuffer;
            auto result = this->tryCreateIndexBuffer(actualBuffer, name, dynamic_cast<const index_buffer_layout_type&>(layout), heap, elements, usage, allocationBehavior);
            buffer = actualBuffer;
            return result;
        }
 
        inline bool tryGetTexture(SharedPtr<IImage>& image, Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension, UInt32 levels, UInt32 layers, MultiSamplingLevel samples, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            SharedPtr<image_type> actualImage;
            auto result = this->tryCreateTexture(actualImage, format, size, dimension, levels, layers, samples, usage, allocationBehavior);
            image = actualImage;
            return result;
        }
 
        inline bool tryGetTexture(SharedPtr<IImage>& image, const String& name, Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension, UInt32 levels, UInt32 layers, MultiSamplingLevel samples, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            SharedPtr<image_type> actualImage;
            auto result = this->tryCreateTexture(actualImage, name, format, size, dimension, levels, layers, samples, usage, allocationBehavior);
            image = actualImage;
            return result;
        }
 
        inline Generator<SharedPtr<IImage>> getTextures(Format format, const Size3d& size, ImageDimensions dimension, UInt32 layers, UInt32 levels, MultiSamplingLevel samples, ResourceUsage usage, AllocationBehavior allocationBehavior) const override {
            return [](Generator<SharedPtr<TImage>> gen) -> Generator<SharedPtr<IImage>> {
                for (auto texture : gen)
                    co_yield std::move(texture);
            }(this->createTextures(format, size, dimension, layers, levels, samples, usage, allocationBehavior));
        }
        
        inline SharedPtr<ISampler> getSampler(FilterMode magFilter, FilterMode minFilter, BorderMode borderU, BorderMode borderV, BorderMode borderW, MipMapMode mipMapMode, Float mipMapBias, Float maxLod, Float minLod, Float anisotropy) const override {
            return this->createSampler(magFilter, minFilter, borderU, borderV, borderW, mipMapMode, mipMapBias, maxLod, minLod, anisotropy);
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<ISampler> getSampler(const String& name, FilterMode magFilter, FilterMode minFilter, BorderMode borderU, BorderMode borderV, BorderMode borderW, MipMapMode mipMapMode, Float mipMapBias, Float maxLod, Float minLod, Float anisotropy) const override {
            return this->createSampler(name, magFilter, minFilter, borderU, borderV, borderW, mipMapMode, mipMapBias, maxLod, minLod, anisotropy);
        }
        
        inline Generator<SharedPtr<ISampler>> getSamplers(FilterMode magFilter, FilterMode minFilter, BorderMode borderU, BorderMode borderV, BorderMode borderW, MipMapMode mipMapMode, Float mipMapBias, Float maxLod, Float minLod, Float anisotropy) const override {
            return [](Generator<SharedPtr<TSampler>> gen) -> Generator<SharedPtr<ISampler>> {
                for (auto sampler : gen)
                    co_yield std::move(sampler);
            }(this->createSamplers(magFilter, minFilter, borderU, borderV, borderW, mipMapMode, mipMapBias, maxLod, minLod, anisotropy));
        }
 
        inline UniquePtr<IBottomLevelAccelerationStructure> getBlas(StringView name, AccelerationStructureFlags flags) const override {
            return this->createBottomLevelAccelerationStructure(name, flags);
        }
 
        inline UniquePtr<ITopLevelAccelerationStructure> getTlas(StringView name, AccelerationStructureFlags flags) const override {
            return this->createTopLevelAccelerationStructure(name, flags);
        }
    };
 
    template <typename TFactory, typename TSurface, typename TGraphicsAdapter, typename TSwapChain, typename TCommandQueue, typename TRenderPass, typename TRenderPipeline, typename TComputePipeline, typename TRayTracingPipeline, typename TBarrier> requires
        meta::implements<TSurface, ISurface> &&
        meta::implements<TGraphicsAdapter, IGraphicsAdapter> &&
        meta::implements<TSwapChain, SwapChain<typename TFactory::image_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TCommandQueue, CommandQueue<typename TCommandQueue::command_buffer_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TFactory, GraphicsFactory<typename TFactory::descriptor_layout_type, typename TFactory::buffer_type, typename TFactory::vertex_buffer_type, typename TFactory::index_buffer_type, typename TFactory::image_type, typename TFactory::sampler_type, typename TFactory::bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type, typename TFactory::top_level_acceleration_structure_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TRenderPass, RenderPass<TCommandQueue, typename TRenderPass::frame_buffer_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TRenderPipeline, RenderPipeline<typename TRenderPipeline::pipeline_layout_type, typename TRenderPipeline::shader_program_type, typename TRenderPipeline::input_assembler_type, typename TRenderPipeline::rasterizer_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TComputePipeline, ComputePipeline<typename TComputePipeline::pipeline_layout_type, typename TComputePipeline::shader_program_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TRayTracingPipeline, RayTracingPipeline<typename TRayTracingPipeline::pipeline_layout_type, typename TRayTracingPipeline::shader_program_type>> &&
        meta::implements<TBarrier, Barrier<typename TFactory::buffer_type, typename TFactory::image_type>>
    class GraphicsDevice : public IGraphicsDevice {
    public:
        using surface_type = TSurface;
        using adapter_type = TGraphicsAdapter;
        using swap_chain_type = TSwapChain;
        using command_queue_type = TCommandQueue;
        using command_buffer_type = command_queue_type::command_buffer_type;
        using descriptor_set_type = command_buffer_type::descriptor_set_type;
        using pipeline_type = command_buffer_type::pipeline_type;
        using factory_type = TFactory;
        using barrier_type = TBarrier;
        using descriptor_layout_type = factory_type::descriptor_layout_type;
        using vertex_buffer_type = factory_type::vertex_buffer_type;
        using index_buffer_type = factory_type::index_buffer_type;
        using buffer_type = factory_type::buffer_type;
        using image_type = factory_type::image_type;
        using sampler_type = factory_type::sampler_type;
        using bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type = factory_type::bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type;
        using top_level_acceleration_structure_type = factory_type::top_level_acceleration_structure_type;
        using render_pass_type = TRenderPass;
        using frame_buffer_type = render_pass_type::frame_buffer_type;
        using render_pipeline_type = TRenderPipeline;
        using compute_pipeline_type = TComputePipeline;
        using ray_tracing_pipeline_type = TRayTracingPipeline;
        using pipeline_layout_type = render_pipeline_type::pipeline_layout_type;
        using shader_program_type = render_pipeline_type::shader_program_type;
        using input_assembler_type = render_pipeline_type::input_assembler_type;
        using rasterizer_type = render_pipeline_type::rasterizer_type;
 
    protected:
        GraphicsDevice() noexcept = default;
        GraphicsDevice(GraphicsDevice&&) noexcept = default;
        GraphicsDevice(const GraphicsDevice&) = default;
        GraphicsDevice& operator=(GraphicsDevice&&) noexcept = default;
        GraphicsDevice& operator=(const GraphicsDevice&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~GraphicsDevice() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        const surface_type& surface() const noexcept override = 0;
 
        const adapter_type& adapter() const noexcept override = 0;
 
        const swap_chain_type& swapChain() const noexcept override = 0;
 
        swap_chain_type& swapChain() noexcept override = 0;
 
        const factory_type& factory() const noexcept override = 0;
 
        virtual const command_queue_type& defaultQueue(QueueType type) const = 0;
 
        virtual SharedPtr<const command_queue_type> createQueue(QueueType type, QueuePriority priority = QueuePriority::Normal) = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual UniquePtr<barrier_type> makeBarrier(PipelineStage syncBefore, PipelineStage syncAfter) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] inline SharedPtr<frame_buffer_type> makeFrameBuffer(const Size2d& renderArea) const {
            return this->makeFrameBuffer("", renderArea);
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] inline SharedPtr<frame_buffer_type> makeFrameBuffer(const Size2d& renderArea, frame_buffer_type::allocation_callback_type allocationCallback) const {
            return this->makeFrameBuffer("", renderArea, std::move(allocationCallback));
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual SharedPtr<frame_buffer_type> makeFrameBuffer(StringView name, const Size2d& renderArea) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual SharedPtr<frame_buffer_type> makeFrameBuffer(StringView name, const Size2d& renderArea, frame_buffer_type::allocation_callback_type allocationCallback) const = 0;
 
    private:
        inline UniquePtr<IBarrier> getNewBarrier(PipelineStage syncBefore, PipelineStage syncAfter) const override {
            return this->makeBarrier(syncBefore, syncAfter);
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<IFrameBuffer> getNewFrameBuffer(StringView name, const Size2d& renderArea) const override {
            return this->makeFrameBuffer(name, renderArea);
        }
 
        inline const ICommandQueue& getDefaultQueue(QueueType type) const override {
            return this->defaultQueue(type);
        }
 
        inline SharedPtr<const ICommandQueue> getNewQueue(QueueType type, QueuePriority priority) override {
            return std::static_pointer_cast<const ICommandQueue>(this->createQueue(type, priority));
        }
 
    public:
        virtual void computeAccelerationStructureSizes(const bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type& blas, UInt64& bufferSize, UInt64& scratchSize, bool forUpdate = false) const = 0;
 
        virtual void computeAccelerationStructureSizes(const top_level_acceleration_structure_type& tlas, UInt64 & bufferSize, UInt64 & scratchSize, bool forUpdate = false) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual VirtualAllocator::Allocation allocateGlobalDescriptors(const descriptor_set_type& descriptorSet, DescriptorHeapType heapType) const = 0;
 
        virtual void releaseGlobalDescriptors(const descriptor_set_type& descriptorSet) const = 0;
 
        virtual void updateGlobalDescriptors(const descriptor_set_type& descriptorSet, UInt32 binding, UInt32 offset, UInt32 descriptors) const = 0;
 
        virtual void bindDescriptorSet(const command_buffer_type& commandBuffer, const descriptor_set_type& descriptorSet, const pipeline_type& pipeline) const noexcept = 0;
 
        virtual void bindGlobalDescriptorHeaps(const command_buffer_type& commandBuffer) const noexcept = 0;
 
    private:
        inline void getAccelerationStructureSizes(const IBottomLevelAccelerationStructure& blas, UInt64& bufferSize, UInt64& scratchSize, bool forUpdate) const override {
            this->computeAccelerationStructureSizes(dynamic_cast<const bottom_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(blas), bufferSize, scratchSize, forUpdate);
        }
 
        inline void getAccelerationStructureSizes(const ITopLevelAccelerationStructure& tlas, UInt64& bufferSize, UInt64& scratchSize, bool forUpdate) const override {
            this->computeAccelerationStructureSizes(dynamic_cast<const top_level_acceleration_structure_type&>(tlas), bufferSize, scratchSize, forUpdate);
        }
        
        inline VirtualAllocator::Allocation doAllocateGlobalDescriptors(const IDescriptorSet& descriptorSet, DescriptorHeapType heapType) const override {
            return this->allocateGlobalDescriptors(dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type&>(descriptorSet), heapType);
        }
 
        inline void doReleaseGlobalDescriptors(const IDescriptorSet& descriptorSet) const override {
            this->releaseGlobalDescriptors(dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type&>(descriptorSet));
        }
 
        inline void doUpdateGlobalDescriptors(const IDescriptorSet& descriptorSet, UInt32 binding, UInt32 offset, UInt32 descriptors) const override {
            this->updateGlobalDescriptors(dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type&>(descriptorSet), binding, offset, descriptors);
        }
 
        inline void doBindDescriptorSet(const ICommandBuffer& commandBuffer, const IDescriptorSet& descriptorSet, const IPipeline& pipeline) const noexcept override {
            this->bindDescriptorSet(dynamic_cast<const command_buffer_type&>(commandBuffer), dynamic_cast<const descriptor_set_type&>(descriptorSet), dynamic_cast<const pipeline_type&>(pipeline));
        }
 
        inline void doBindGlobalDescriptorHeaps(const ICommandBuffer& commandBuffer) const noexcept override {
            this->bindGlobalDescriptorHeaps(dynamic_cast<const command_buffer_type&>(commandBuffer));
        }
 
#if defined(LITEFX_BUILD_DEFINE_BUILDERS)
    public:
        using render_pass_builder_type = render_pass_type::builder_type;
        using render_pipeline_builder_type = render_pipeline_type::builder_type;
        using compute_pipeline_builder_type = compute_pipeline_type::builder_type;
        using ray_tracing_pipeline_builder_type = ray_tracing_pipeline_type::builder_type;
        using pipeline_layout_builder_type = pipeline_layout_type::builder_type;
        using input_assembler_builder_type = input_assembler_type::builder_type;
        using rasterizer_builder_type = rasterizer_type::builder_type;
        using shader_program_builder_type = shader_program_type::builder_type;
        using barrier_builder_Type = barrier_type::builder_type;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual render_pass_builder_type buildRenderPass(UInt32 commandBuffers = 1) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual render_pass_builder_type buildRenderPass(const String& name, UInt32 commandBuffers = 1) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual compute_pipeline_builder_type buildComputePipeline(const String& name) const = 0;
 
        //[[nodiscard]] virtual render_pipeline_builder_type buildRenderPipeline(const String& name) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual render_pipeline_builder_type buildRenderPipeline(const render_pass_type& renderPass, const String& name) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual ray_tracing_pipeline_builder_type buildRayTracingPipeline(ShaderRecordCollection&& shaderRecords) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual ray_tracing_pipeline_builder_type buildRayTracingPipeline(const String& name, ShaderRecordCollection&& shaderRecords) const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual pipeline_layout_builder_type buildPipelineLayout() const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual input_assembler_builder_type buildInputAssembler() const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual rasterizer_builder_type buildRasterizer() const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual shader_program_builder_type buildShaderProgram() const = 0;
 
        [[nodiscard]] virtual barrier_builder_Type buildBarrier() const = 0;
#endif // defined(LITEFX_BUILD_DEFINE_BUILDERS)
    };
 
    template <typename TGraphicsDevice> requires
        meta::implements<TGraphicsDevice, GraphicsDevice<typename TGraphicsDevice::factory_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::surface_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::adapter_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::swap_chain_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::command_queue_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::render_pass_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::render_pipeline_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::compute_pipeline_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::ray_tracing_pipeline_type, typename TGraphicsDevice::barrier_type>>
    class RenderBackend : public IRenderBackend {
    public:
        using device_type = TGraphicsDevice;
        using surface_type = device_type::surface_type;
        using adapter_type = device_type::adapter_type;
        using swap_chain_type = device_type::swap_chain_type;
        using command_queue_type = device_type::command_queue_type;
        using command_buffer_type = device_type::command_buffer_type;
        using factory_type = device_type::factory_type;
        using barrier_type = device_type::barrier_type;
        using descriptor_layout_type = factory_type::descriptor_layout_type;
        using vertex_buffer_type = factory_type::vertex_buffer_type;
        using index_buffer_type = factory_type::index_buffer_type;
        using buffer_type = factory_type::buffer_type;
        using image_type = factory_type::image_type;
        using sampler_type = factory_type::sampler_type;
        using frame_buffer_type = device_type::frame_buffer_type;
        using render_pass_type = device_type::render_pass_type;
        using pipeline_layout_type = device_type::pipeline_layout_type;
        using render_pipeline_type = device_type::render_pipeline_type;
        using compute_pipeline_type = device_type::compute_pipeline_type;
        using ray_tracing_pipeline_type = device_type::ray_tracing_pipeline_type;
        using shader_program_type = device_type::shader_program_type;
        using input_assembler_type = device_type::input_assembler_type;
        using rasterizer_type = device_type::rasterizer_type;
 
    protected:
        RenderBackend() noexcept = default;
        RenderBackend(RenderBackend&&) noexcept = default;
        RenderBackend(const RenderBackend&) = default;
        RenderBackend& operator=(RenderBackend&&) noexcept = default;
        RenderBackend& operator=(const RenderBackend&) = default;
 
    public:
        ~RenderBackend() noexcept override = default;
 
    public:
        virtual const Array<SharedPtr<const adapter_type>>& adapters() const = 0;
 
        const adapter_type* findAdapter(const Optional<UInt64>& adapterId = std::nullopt) const noexcept override = 0;
 
        virtual void registerDevice(const String& name, SharedPtr<device_type>&& device) = 0;
 
        template <typename TSelf, typename ...TArgs>
        inline device_type& createDevice(this TSelf& self, const String& name, const adapter_type& adapter, UniquePtr<surface_type>&& surface, TArgs&&... _args) {
            auto devicePtr = device_type::create(self, adapter, std::move(surface), std::forward<TArgs>(_args)...);
            auto& device = *devicePtr;
            self.registerDevice(name, std::move(devicePtr));
            return device;
        }
 
        virtual void releaseDevice(const String& name) = 0;
 
        device_type* device(const String& name) noexcept override = 0;
 
        const device_type* device(const String& name) const noexcept override = 0;
 
        inline const device_type* operator[](const String& name) const noexcept override {
            return this->device(name);
        };
 
        inline device_type* operator[](const String& name) noexcept override {
            return this->device(name);
        };
 
        // IRenderBackend interface
    private:
        inline Enumerable<SharedPtr<const IGraphicsAdapter>> getAdapters() const override {
            return this->adapters();
        }
    };
}